Fig. 3

Esketamine inhibits CD4 + T cell activation and regulates Th17/Treg cell balance in TBI mice. Flow cytometry histograms showing (A) the percentage of CD4 + T cells (F = 31.76, 24.04), (B) Th17 (CD4 + IL-17+) cells (F = 45.75, 38.07), and (C) Treg (CD4 + FOXP3+) cells in brain and spleen tissues from Sham, TBI, and TBI + Esk-treated mice (F = 19.13, 37.55). Quantification of all cell percentages is shown on the right panel. Statistical significance: Data are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001