Fig. 3

Represents Macroscopic assessment of epidural scar adhesion a grade0 = epidural scar tissue indicates non- adherence to the dura mater in control group; b grade 1 = epidural scar tissue adherence to the dura mater but could be easily dissected in combined group; c grade 2 = epidural scar tissue adherence to the dura mater and challenging to separate without damaging the dura mater in PRF and Chi/Ag-NPs groups; d grade 3 = epidural scar tissue was firmly adherent to the dura mater and could not be dissected in laminectomy group. e showed Grades of epidural scar adhesion in rats, according to the Rydell standard. #5 rats were selected from each treatment group. (statistically analyzed by Chi square test). Combined group more significantly decrease in epidural scar adhesion compared with laminectomy group and other treated groups