Fig. 2

SC-FC coupling changes in patients with PD. (A) Spatial pattern of SC-FC coupling in HCs and PD. The coupling between regional SC and FC profiles varied widely across the cortex, similar in both groups. Primary sensory and medial prefrontal cortex exhibited relatively high SC-FC coupling, while lateral temporal and parietal regions showed relatively low coupling. (B) Spatial pattern of SC-FC decoupling for each node across the brain in PD. Decreased regional SC-FC decoupling was found in the bilateral middle temporal areas and inferior parietal lobe, left middle occipital gyrus, postcentral gyrus and superior temporal areas, right cuneus and precuneus gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, anterior and middle cingulate cortex, and insula (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). The strength of SC-FC coupling in the right parietal lobe was negatively correlated with disease duration in patients with PD (r = -0.2911, p = 0.0344, uncorrected). (C) Average SC-FC coupling changes across all nodes in PD. Data were analyzed by using two-sample t-tests. *** denotes statistically significant results (p < 0.001). SC, structural connectivity; FC, functional connectivity; HCs, healthy controls; PD, parkinson’s disease; L, left; R, right