Fig. 4

Depicts the dose response of vanadium in worms. Synchronized L1 worms were subjected to varying concentrations of sodium metavanadate ranging from 0 to 200 mM. A total of 30–60 worms were plated, and the percentage of surviving worms 48 h after treatment was recorded as a measure of lethality. The experiment was repeated six times using independent worms and the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of n = 6 was used to determine the lethal toxicity