Fig. 5

The noise immediate and noise 4-week groups demonstrated increased protein expression level of cytosolic receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) compared to their control groups (*P < 0.05 between noise immediate vs. control groups and **P < 0.05 between noise 4-week vs. control groups, Mann–Whitney U test). Nuclear RAGE expression was comparable between the noise and control groups. (error bar =  ± standard errors)