Fig. 1

PG/PS controller performance across a range of CO2 production rates and physiological conditions. (A) PaCO2 response for an open-loop PG/adaptive PS (blue line) and closed-loop adaptive PG/adaptive PS (orange line). The closed-loop PG/PS could maintain normocapnia (blue shade) within the CO2 production rates tested for all conditions. (B) PG/PS performance for a restrictive pulmonary lung disease model for a CO2 production rate of 14 mM/s. CO2 production rate was increased to 14 mM/s after three minutes (vertical green dashed line). The PG responds by increasing minute ventilation (orange line) to account for the change in PaCO2v (yellow), thus maintaining normocapnia (blue shade). iRMSE (blue line) remained below 10% (red dashed line) throughout the trial showing that regardless of a changing PG, the PS could elicit a breath volume that could match the desired volume profile